Post by Cindy on Nov 14, 2017 11:49:46 GMT -5
As I was studying about the 10 commandments, I came across something for the first time that really showed what sins each commandment included, and it was shocking. So I'd like to share it with you here.
The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me. (Exod. 20:3)
The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, Atheism, in denying or not having a God; (Ps. 14:1, Eph. 2:12)
Idolatry, in having or worshipping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God; (Jer. 2:27–28, 1 Thess. 1:9)
the not having and avouching him for God, and our God; (Ps. 81:11)
the omission or neglect of any thing due to him, required in this commandment; (Isa. 43:22–24) ignorance, (Jer. 4:22, Hos. 4:1,6) forgetfulness, (Jer. 2:32) misapprehensions, (Acts 17:23,29) false opinions, (Isa. 40:18) unworthy and wicked thoughts of him; (Ps. 50:21) bold and curious searching into his secrets; (Deut. 29:29) all profaneness, (Tit. 1:16, Heb. 12:16) hatred of God; (Rom. 1:30) self-love, (2 Tim. 3:2) self-seeking, (Phil. 2:21) and all other inordinate and im-moderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part; (1 John 2:15–16, 1 Sam. 2:29, Col. 3:2,5) vain credulity, (1 John 4:1) unbelief, (Heb. 3:12) heresy, (Gal. 5:20, Tit. 3:10) misbelief, (Acts 26:9) distrust, (Ps. 78:22) despair, (Gen. 4:13) incorrigibleness, (Jer. 5:3) and insensibleness under judgments, (Isa. 42:25) hardness of heart, (Rom. 2:5) pride, (Jer. 13:15) presumption, (Ps. 19:13) carnal security, (Zeph. 1:12) tempting of God; (Matt. 4:7) using unlawful means, (Rom. 3:8) and trusting in lawful means; (Jer. 17:5) carnal delights and joys; (2 Tim. 3:4) corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal; (Gal. 4:17, John 16:2, Rom. 10:2, Luke 9:54–55) lukewarmness, (Rev. 3:16) and deadness in the things of God; (Rev. 2:1) estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God; (Ezek. 14:5, Isa. 1:4–5) praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures; (Rom. 10:13–14, Hosea 4:12, Acts 10:25–26, Rev. 19:10, Matt. 4:10, Col. 2:18, Rom. 1:25) all compacts and consulting with the devil, (Lev. 20:6, 1 Sam. 28:7,11, 1 Chron. 10:13–14) and hearkening to his suggestions; (Acts 5:3) making men the lords of our faith and conscience; (2 Cor. 1:24, Matt. 23:9) slighting and despising God and his commands; (Deut. 32:15, 2 Sam. 12:9, Prov. 13:13) resisting and grieving of his Spirit, (Acts 7:51, Eph. 4:30) discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us; (Ps. 73:2–3,13–15,22, Job 1:22) and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have or can do, to fortune, (1 Sam. 6:7–9) idols, (Dan. 5:23) ourselves, (Deut. 8:17, Dan. 4:30) or any other creature. (Hab. 1:16)
The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. (Exod. 20:4–5,6)
The sins forbidden in the second commandment are, all devising, (Numb. 15:39) counselling, (Deut. 13:6–8) commanding, (Hosea 5:11, Micah 6:16) using, (1 Kings 11:33, 1 Kings 12:33) and any wise approving, any religious worship not instituted by God himself; (Deut. 12:30–32)
the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons, either inwardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of image or likeness of any creature whatsoever; (Deut. 4:15–19, Acts 17:29, Rom. 1:21–23,25) all worshipping of it, (Dan. 3:18, Gal. 4:8) or God in it or by it; (Exod. 32:5)
the making of any representation of feigned deities, (Exod. 32:8) and all worship of them, or service belonging to them, (1 Kings18:26,28, Isa. 65:11)
all superstitious devices, (Acts 17:22, Col. 2:21–23)
corrupting the worship of God, (Mal. 1:7–8,14) adding to it, or taking from it, (Deut. 4:2) whether invented and taken up of ourselves, (Ps. 106:39) or received by tradition from others, (Matt. 15:9) though under the title of antiquity, (1 Pet. 1:18) custom, (Jer. 44:17) devotion, (Isa. 65:3–5, Gal. 1:13–14) good intent, or any other pretence whatsoever; (1 Sam. 13:11–12, 1 Sam. 15:21)
simony - the buying or selling of a church office or ecclesiastical preferment; (Acts 8:18) sacrilege; (Rom. 2:22, Mal. 3:8) all neglect, (Exod. 4:24–26) contempt, (Matt. 22:5, Mal. 1:7,13) hindering, (Matt. 23:13) and opposing the worship and ordinances which God hath appointed. (Acts 13:44–45, 1 Thess. 2:15–16)
The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. (Exod. 20:7)
The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God’ s name as is required; (Mal. 2:2) and the abuse of it in an ignorant, (Acts 17:23) vain, (Prov. 30:9) irreverent, profane, (Mal. 1:6–7,12, Mal. 3:14) superstitious (1 Sam. 4:3–5, Jer. 7:4,9–10,14,31, Col. 2:20–22) or wicked mentioning or otherwise using his titles, attributes, (2 Kings 18:30,35, Exod. 5:2, Ps. 139:20) ordinances, (Ps. 50:16–17) or works, (Isa. 5:12) by blasphemy, (2 Kings 19:22, Lev. 24:11) perjury; (Zech. 5:4, Zech. 8:17) all sinful cursings, (1 Sam. 17:43, 2 Sam. 16:5) oaths, (Jer. 5:7, Jer. 23:10) vows, (Deut. 23:18, Acts 23:12,14) and lots; (Esth. 3:7, Esth. 9:24, Ps. 22:18) violation of our oaths and vows, if lawful (Ps. 24:4, Ezek. 17:16,18–19) and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful; (Mark 6:26, 1 Sam. 25:22,32–34) murmuring and quarrelling at, (Rom. 9:14,19–20) curious prying into, (Deut. 29:29) and misapplying of God’ s decrees (Rom. 3:5,7, Rom. 6:1) and providences; (Eccl. 8:11, Eccl. 9:3, Ps. 39) misinterpreting, (Matt. 5:21–48) misapplying, (Ezek. 13:22) or any way perverting the word, or any part of it; (2 Pet. 3:16, Matt. 22:24–31,25,28–30) to profane jests, (Isa. 22:13, Jer. 23:34,36,38) curious or unprofitable questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; (1 Tim. 1:4,6–7, 1 Tim. 6:4–5,20, 2 Tim. 2:14, Tit. 3:9) abusing it, the creatures, or any thing contained under the name of God, to charms, (Deut. 18:10–14,11–12, Acts 19:13) or sinful lusts and practices; (2 Tim. 4:3–4, Rom. 13:13–14, 1 Kings 21:9–10, Jude 4) the maligning, (Acts 13:45, 1 John 3:12) scorning, (Ps. 1:1, 2 Pet. 3:3) reviling, (1 Pet. 4:4) or any wise opposing of God’ s truth, grace, and ways; (Acts 13:45–46,50, Acts 4:18, Acts 19:9, 1 Thess. 2:16, Heb. 10:29) making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends; (2 Tim. 3:5, Matt. 23:14, Matt. 6:1–2,5,16) being ashamed of it, (Mark 8:38) or a shame to it, by unconformable, (Ps. 73:14–15) unwise, (1 Cor. 6:5–6, Eph. 5:15–17) unfruitful, (Isa. 5:4, 2 Pet. 1:8–9) and offensive walking, (Rom. 2:23–24) or backsliding from it. (Gal. 3:1,3, Heb. 6:6)
The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath-day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested in the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day and hallowed it. (Exod. 20:8–11)
The fourth commandment requireth of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word, expressly one whole day in seven; which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, and the first day of the week ever since, and so to continue to the end of the world; which is the Christian sabbath, (Deut. 5:12–14, Gen. 2:2–3, 1 Cor. 16:1–2, Matt. 5:17–18, Isa. 56:2,4,6–7) and in the New Testament called The Lord’ s day. (Rev. 1:10) The sabbath or Lord’s day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day, (Exod. 20:8,10) not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful; (Exod. 16:25–28, Neh. 13:15–22, Jer. 17:21–22) and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to be taken up in works of necessity and mercy (Matt. 12:1–13) ) in the public and private exercises of God’ s worship: (Isa. 58:13, Luke 4:16, Acts 20:7, 1 Cor. 16:1–2, Ps. 92, Isa. 66:23, Lev. 23:3) and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day. (Exod. 20:8,56, Luke 23:54, Exod. 16:22,25-26,29)
The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required, (Ezek. 22:26) all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them; (Acts 20:7,9, Ezek. 33:30–32, Amos 8:5, Mal. 1:13) all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful; (Ezek. 23:38) and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations. (Jer. 17:24,27, Isa. 58:13)
The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. (Exod. 20:12)
By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents, (Prov. 23:22,25, Eph. 6:1–2) but all superiors in age (1 Tim. 5:1–2) and gifts; (Gen. 4:20–22, Gen. 45:8) and especially such as, by God’ s ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, (2 Kings 5:13) church, (2 Kings 2:12, 2 Kings 13:14, Gal. 4:19) or commonwealth. (Isa. 49:23)
The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them; (Matt. 15:4–6) envying at, (Numb. 11:28–29) contempt of, (1 Sam. 8:7, Isa. 3:5) and rebellion (2 Sam. 15:1–12) against, their persons (Exod. 21:15) and places, (1 Sam. 10:27) in their lawful counsels, (1 Sam. 2:25) commands, and corrections; (Deut. 21:18–21) cursing, mocking (Prov. 30:11,17) and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonour to them and their government. (Prov. 19:26)
The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them, (Ezek. 34:2–4) and inordinate seeking of themselves, (Phil. 2:21) their own glory, (John5:44, John 7:18) ease, profit, or pleasure; (Isa. 56:10–11, Deut. 17:17) commanding things unlawful, (Dan. 3:4–6, Acts 4:17–18) or not in the power of inferiors to perform; (Exod. 5:10–18, Matt. 23:2,4) counseling, (Matt. 14:8, Mark 6:24) encouraging, (2 Sam. 13:28) or favouring them in that which is evil; (1 Sam. 3:13) dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good; (John 7:46–49, Col. 3:21, Exod. 5:17) correcting them unduly; (1 Pet. 2:18–20, Heb. 12:10, Deut. 25:3) careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger; (Gen. 38:11,26, Acts 18:17) provoking them to wrath; (Eph. 6:4) or any way dishonouring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behaviour. (Gen. 9:21, 1 Kings 12:13–16, 1 Kings 1:6, 1 Sam. 2:29–31)
The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required, (Rom. 13:8) the undervaluing of the worth, (2 Tim. 3:3) envying the gifts, (Acts 7:9, Gal. 5:26) grieving at the advancement or prosperity one of another; (Numb. 12:2, Esth. 6:12–13) and usurping pre-eminence one over another. (3 John 9, Luke 22:24)
The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill. (Exod. 20:13)
The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, (Acts 16:28) or of others, (Gen. 9:6) except in case of public justice, (Numb. 35:31,33) lawful war, (Jer. 48:10, Deut. 20:1) or necessary defence; (Exod. 22:2–3) the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preservation of life; (Matt. 25:42–43, James 2:15–16, Eccl. 6:1–2) sinful anger, (Matt. 5:22) hatred, (1 John 3:15, Lev. 19:17) envy, (Prov. 14:30) desire of revenge; (Rom. 12:19) all excessive passions, (Eph. 4:31) distracting cares; (Matt. 6:31,34) immoderate use of meat, drink, (Luke 21:34, Rom. 13:13) labor, (Eccl. 12:12, Eccl. 2:22–23) and recreations; (Isa. 5:12) provoking words, (Prov. 15:1, Prov. 12:18) oppression, (Ezek. 18:18, Exod. 1:14) quarreling, (Gal. 5:15, Prov. 23:29) striking, wounding, (Numb. 35:16–18,21) and whatsoever else tends to the destruction of the life of any. (Exod. 21:18–36)
The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery. (Exod. 20:14)
The sins forbidden in the seventh commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, (Prov. 5:7) are, adultery, fornication, (Heb. 13:4, Gal. 5:19) rape, incest, (2 Sam. 13:14, 1 Cor. 5:1) sodomy, and all unnatural lusts; (Rom. 1:24,26–27, Lev. 20:15–16) all unclean imaginations, thoughts, purposes, and affections; (Matt. 5:28, Matt. 15:19, Col. 3:5) all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereunto; (Eph. 5:3–4, Prov. 7:5,21–22) wanton looks, (Isa. 3:16, 2 Pet. 2:14) impudent or light behaviour, immodest apparel; (Prov. 7:10,13) prohibiting of lawful, (1 Tim. 4:3) and dispensing with unlawful marriages; (Lev. 18:1–21, Mark 6:18, Mal. 2:11–12) allowing, tolerating, keeping of stews, and resorting to them; (1 Kings 15:12, 2 Kings 23:7, Deut. 23:17–18, Lev. 19:29, Jer. 5:7, Prov. 7:24–27) entangling vows of single life, (Matt. 19:10–11) undue delay of marriage, (1 Cor. 7:7–9, Gen. 38:26) having more wives or husbands than one at the same time; (Mal. 2:14–15, Matt. 19:5) unjust divorce, (Mal. 2:16, Matt. 5:32) or desertion; (1 Cor. 7:12–13) idleness, gluttony, drunkenness, (Ezek. 16:49, Prov. 23:30–33) unchaste company; (Gen. 39:19, Prov. 5:8) lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage plays; (Eph. 5:4, Ezek. 23:14–16, Isa. 23:15–17, Isa. 3:16, Mark 6:22, Rom. 13:13, 1 Pet. 4:3) and all other provocations to, or acts of uncleanness, either in ourselves or others. (2 Kings 9:30, Jer. 4:30, Ezek. 23:40)
The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal. (Exod. 20:15)
The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, (James 2:15–16, 1 John 3:17) are, theft, (Eph. 4:28) robbery, (Ps. 62:10) man-stealing, (1 Tim. 1:10) and receiving any thing that is stolen; (Prov. 29:24, Ps. 50:18) fraudulent dealing, (1 Thess. 4:6) false weights and measures, (Prov. 11:1, Prov. 20:10) removing landmarks, (Deut. 19:14, Prov. 23:10) injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man, (Amos 8:5, Ps. 37:21) or in matters of trust; (Luke 16:10–12) oppression, (Ezek. 22:29, Lev. 25:17) extortion, (Matt. 23:25, Ezek. 22:12) usury, (Ps. 15:5) bribery, (Job 15:34) vexatious law-suits, (1 Cor. 6:6–8, Prov. 3:29–30) unjust inclosures and depopulations; (Isa. 5:8, Micah 2:2) ingrossing commodities to enhance the price; (Prov. 11:26) unlawful callings, (Acts 19:19,24–25) and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbour what belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves; (Job 20:19, James 5:4, Prov. 21:6) covetousness; (Luke 12:15) inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods; (1 Tim. 6:5, Col. 3:2, Prov. 23:5, Ps. 62:10) distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them; (Matt. 6:25,31,34, Eccl. 5:12) envying at the prosperity of others; (Ps. 73:3, Ps. 37:1,7) as likewise idleness, (2 Thess. 3:11, Prov. 18:9) prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate, (Prov. 21:17, Prov. 23:20–21, Prov. 28:19) and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us. (Eccl. 4:8, Eccl. 6:2, 1 Tim. 5:8)
The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. (Exod. 20:16)
The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbours, as well as our own, (1 Sam. 17:28, 2 Sam. 16:3, 2 Sam. 1:9,10,15–16) especially in public judicature; (Lev. 19:15, Hab. 1:4) giving false evidence, (Prov. 19:5, Prov. 6:16,19) suborning false witnesses, (Acts 6:13) wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, out-facing and overbearing the truth; (Jer. 9:3,5, Acts 24:2,5, Ps. 12:3–4, Ps. 52:1–4) passing unjust sentence, (Prov. 17:15, 1 Kings 21:9–14,10–11,13) calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; (Isa. 5:23) forgery, (Ps. 119:69, Luke19:8, Luke 16:5–7) concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, (Lev. 5:1, Deut. 13:8, Acts 5:3,8–9, 2 Tim. 4:16) and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, (1 Kings1:6, Lev. 19:17) or complaint to others; (Isa. 59:4) speaking the truth unseasonably, (Prov. 29:11) or maliciously to a wrong end, (1 Sam. 22:9–10, Ps. 52:1–5) or perverting it to a wrong meaning, (Ps. 56:5, John 2:19, Matt. 26:60–61) or in doubtful or equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice; (Gen. 3:5, Gen. 26:7,9) speaking untruth, (Isa. 59:13) lying, (Lev. 19:11, Col. 3:9) slandering, (Ps. 50:20) backbiting, (James 4:11, Jer. 38:4) talebearing, (Lev. 19:16) whispering, (Rom. 1:29–30) scoffing, (Gen. 21:9, Gal. 4:29) reviling, (1 Cor. 6:10) rash, (Matt. 7:1) harsh, (Acts 28:4) and partial censuring; (Gen. 38:24, Rom. 2:1) misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; (Neh. 6:6–8, Rom. 3:8, Ps. 69:10, 1 Sam. 1:13–15, 2 Sam. 10:3) flattering, (Ps. 12:2–3) vain-glorious boasting; (2 Tim. 3:2) thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; (Luke 18:9,11, Rom. 12:16, 1 Cor. 4:6, Acts 12:22, Exod. 4:10–14) denying the gifts and graces of God; (Job 27:5,6, Job 4:6) aggravating smaller faults; (Matt. 7:3–5) hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; (Prov. 28:13, Prov. 30:20, Gen. 3:12–13, Jer. 2:35, 2 Kings 5:25, Gen. 4:9) unnecessary discovering of infirmities; (Gen. 9:22, Prov. 25:9–10) raising false rumors, (Exod. 23:1) receiving and countenancing evil reports, (Prov. 29:12) and stopping our ears against just defense; (Acts 7:56–57, Job 31:13–14) evil suspicion; (1 Cor. 13:5, 1 Tim. 6:4) envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, (Numb. 11:29, Matt. 21:15) endeavoring or desiring to impair it, (Ezra 4:12–13) rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; (Jer. 48:27) scornful contempt, (Ps. 35:15–16,21, Matt. 27:28–29) fond admiration; (Jude 16, Acts 12:22) breach of lawful promises; (Rom. 1:31, 2 Tim. 3:3) neglecting such things as are of good report, (1 Sam. 2:24) and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering what we can in others, such things as procure an ill name. (2 Sam. 13:12–13)
The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’ s house, thou shall not covet they neighbour’ s wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’ s. (Exodus 20:17; 2 Sam. 13:12–13, Prov. 5:8–9, Prov. 6:33)
The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate; (1 Kings 21:4, Esth. 5:13, 1 Cor. 10:10) envying (Gal. 5:26, James 3:14,16) and grieving at the good of our neighbour, (Ps. 112:9–10, Neh. 2:10) together with all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his. (Rom. 7:7–8, Rom. 13:9, Col. 3:5, Deut. 5:21)
The Westminster larger catechism: With scripture proofs.
The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me. (Exod. 20:3)
The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, Atheism, in denying or not having a God; (Ps. 14:1, Eph. 2:12)
Idolatry, in having or worshipping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God; (Jer. 2:27–28, 1 Thess. 1:9)
the not having and avouching him for God, and our God; (Ps. 81:11)
the omission or neglect of any thing due to him, required in this commandment; (Isa. 43:22–24) ignorance, (Jer. 4:22, Hos. 4:1,6) forgetfulness, (Jer. 2:32) misapprehensions, (Acts 17:23,29) false opinions, (Isa. 40:18) unworthy and wicked thoughts of him; (Ps. 50:21) bold and curious searching into his secrets; (Deut. 29:29) all profaneness, (Tit. 1:16, Heb. 12:16) hatred of God; (Rom. 1:30) self-love, (2 Tim. 3:2) self-seeking, (Phil. 2:21) and all other inordinate and im-moderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part; (1 John 2:15–16, 1 Sam. 2:29, Col. 3:2,5) vain credulity, (1 John 4:1) unbelief, (Heb. 3:12) heresy, (Gal. 5:20, Tit. 3:10) misbelief, (Acts 26:9) distrust, (Ps. 78:22) despair, (Gen. 4:13) incorrigibleness, (Jer. 5:3) and insensibleness under judgments, (Isa. 42:25) hardness of heart, (Rom. 2:5) pride, (Jer. 13:15) presumption, (Ps. 19:13) carnal security, (Zeph. 1:12) tempting of God; (Matt. 4:7) using unlawful means, (Rom. 3:8) and trusting in lawful means; (Jer. 17:5) carnal delights and joys; (2 Tim. 3:4) corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal; (Gal. 4:17, John 16:2, Rom. 10:2, Luke 9:54–55) lukewarmness, (Rev. 3:16) and deadness in the things of God; (Rev. 2:1) estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God; (Ezek. 14:5, Isa. 1:4–5) praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures; (Rom. 10:13–14, Hosea 4:12, Acts 10:25–26, Rev. 19:10, Matt. 4:10, Col. 2:18, Rom. 1:25) all compacts and consulting with the devil, (Lev. 20:6, 1 Sam. 28:7,11, 1 Chron. 10:13–14) and hearkening to his suggestions; (Acts 5:3) making men the lords of our faith and conscience; (2 Cor. 1:24, Matt. 23:9) slighting and despising God and his commands; (Deut. 32:15, 2 Sam. 12:9, Prov. 13:13) resisting and grieving of his Spirit, (Acts 7:51, Eph. 4:30) discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us; (Ps. 73:2–3,13–15,22, Job 1:22) and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have or can do, to fortune, (1 Sam. 6:7–9) idols, (Dan. 5:23) ourselves, (Deut. 8:17, Dan. 4:30) or any other creature. (Hab. 1:16)
The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. (Exod. 20:4–5,6)
The sins forbidden in the second commandment are, all devising, (Numb. 15:39) counselling, (Deut. 13:6–8) commanding, (Hosea 5:11, Micah 6:16) using, (1 Kings 11:33, 1 Kings 12:33) and any wise approving, any religious worship not instituted by God himself; (Deut. 12:30–32)
the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons, either inwardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of image or likeness of any creature whatsoever; (Deut. 4:15–19, Acts 17:29, Rom. 1:21–23,25) all worshipping of it, (Dan. 3:18, Gal. 4:8) or God in it or by it; (Exod. 32:5)
the making of any representation of feigned deities, (Exod. 32:8) and all worship of them, or service belonging to them, (1 Kings18:26,28, Isa. 65:11)
all superstitious devices, (Acts 17:22, Col. 2:21–23)
corrupting the worship of God, (Mal. 1:7–8,14) adding to it, or taking from it, (Deut. 4:2) whether invented and taken up of ourselves, (Ps. 106:39) or received by tradition from others, (Matt. 15:9) though under the title of antiquity, (1 Pet. 1:18) custom, (Jer. 44:17) devotion, (Isa. 65:3–5, Gal. 1:13–14) good intent, or any other pretence whatsoever; (1 Sam. 13:11–12, 1 Sam. 15:21)
simony - the buying or selling of a church office or ecclesiastical preferment; (Acts 8:18) sacrilege; (Rom. 2:22, Mal. 3:8) all neglect, (Exod. 4:24–26) contempt, (Matt. 22:5, Mal. 1:7,13) hindering, (Matt. 23:13) and opposing the worship and ordinances which God hath appointed. (Acts 13:44–45, 1 Thess. 2:15–16)
The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. (Exod. 20:7)
The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God’ s name as is required; (Mal. 2:2) and the abuse of it in an ignorant, (Acts 17:23) vain, (Prov. 30:9) irreverent, profane, (Mal. 1:6–7,12, Mal. 3:14) superstitious (1 Sam. 4:3–5, Jer. 7:4,9–10,14,31, Col. 2:20–22) or wicked mentioning or otherwise using his titles, attributes, (2 Kings 18:30,35, Exod. 5:2, Ps. 139:20) ordinances, (Ps. 50:16–17) or works, (Isa. 5:12) by blasphemy, (2 Kings 19:22, Lev. 24:11) perjury; (Zech. 5:4, Zech. 8:17) all sinful cursings, (1 Sam. 17:43, 2 Sam. 16:5) oaths, (Jer. 5:7, Jer. 23:10) vows, (Deut. 23:18, Acts 23:12,14) and lots; (Esth. 3:7, Esth. 9:24, Ps. 22:18) violation of our oaths and vows, if lawful (Ps. 24:4, Ezek. 17:16,18–19) and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful; (Mark 6:26, 1 Sam. 25:22,32–34) murmuring and quarrelling at, (Rom. 9:14,19–20) curious prying into, (Deut. 29:29) and misapplying of God’ s decrees (Rom. 3:5,7, Rom. 6:1) and providences; (Eccl. 8:11, Eccl. 9:3, Ps. 39) misinterpreting, (Matt. 5:21–48) misapplying, (Ezek. 13:22) or any way perverting the word, or any part of it; (2 Pet. 3:16, Matt. 22:24–31,25,28–30) to profane jests, (Isa. 22:13, Jer. 23:34,36,38) curious or unprofitable questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; (1 Tim. 1:4,6–7, 1 Tim. 6:4–5,20, 2 Tim. 2:14, Tit. 3:9) abusing it, the creatures, or any thing contained under the name of God, to charms, (Deut. 18:10–14,11–12, Acts 19:13) or sinful lusts and practices; (2 Tim. 4:3–4, Rom. 13:13–14, 1 Kings 21:9–10, Jude 4) the maligning, (Acts 13:45, 1 John 3:12) scorning, (Ps. 1:1, 2 Pet. 3:3) reviling, (1 Pet. 4:4) or any wise opposing of God’ s truth, grace, and ways; (Acts 13:45–46,50, Acts 4:18, Acts 19:9, 1 Thess. 2:16, Heb. 10:29) making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends; (2 Tim. 3:5, Matt. 23:14, Matt. 6:1–2,5,16) being ashamed of it, (Mark 8:38) or a shame to it, by unconformable, (Ps. 73:14–15) unwise, (1 Cor. 6:5–6, Eph. 5:15–17) unfruitful, (Isa. 5:4, 2 Pet. 1:8–9) and offensive walking, (Rom. 2:23–24) or backsliding from it. (Gal. 3:1,3, Heb. 6:6)
The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath-day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested in the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day and hallowed it. (Exod. 20:8–11)
The fourth commandment requireth of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word, expressly one whole day in seven; which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, and the first day of the week ever since, and so to continue to the end of the world; which is the Christian sabbath, (Deut. 5:12–14, Gen. 2:2–3, 1 Cor. 16:1–2, Matt. 5:17–18, Isa. 56:2,4,6–7) and in the New Testament called The Lord’ s day. (Rev. 1:10) The sabbath or Lord’s day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day, (Exod. 20:8,10) not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful; (Exod. 16:25–28, Neh. 13:15–22, Jer. 17:21–22) and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to be taken up in works of necessity and mercy (Matt. 12:1–13) ) in the public and private exercises of God’ s worship: (Isa. 58:13, Luke 4:16, Acts 20:7, 1 Cor. 16:1–2, Ps. 92, Isa. 66:23, Lev. 23:3) and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day. (Exod. 20:8,56, Luke 23:54, Exod. 16:22,25-26,29)
The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required, (Ezek. 22:26) all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them; (Acts 20:7,9, Ezek. 33:30–32, Amos 8:5, Mal. 1:13) all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful; (Ezek. 23:38) and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations. (Jer. 17:24,27, Isa. 58:13)
The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. (Exod. 20:12)
By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents, (Prov. 23:22,25, Eph. 6:1–2) but all superiors in age (1 Tim. 5:1–2) and gifts; (Gen. 4:20–22, Gen. 45:8) and especially such as, by God’ s ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, (2 Kings 5:13) church, (2 Kings 2:12, 2 Kings 13:14, Gal. 4:19) or commonwealth. (Isa. 49:23)
The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them; (Matt. 15:4–6) envying at, (Numb. 11:28–29) contempt of, (1 Sam. 8:7, Isa. 3:5) and rebellion (2 Sam. 15:1–12) against, their persons (Exod. 21:15) and places, (1 Sam. 10:27) in their lawful counsels, (1 Sam. 2:25) commands, and corrections; (Deut. 21:18–21) cursing, mocking (Prov. 30:11,17) and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonour to them and their government. (Prov. 19:26)
The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them, (Ezek. 34:2–4) and inordinate seeking of themselves, (Phil. 2:21) their own glory, (John5:44, John 7:18) ease, profit, or pleasure; (Isa. 56:10–11, Deut. 17:17) commanding things unlawful, (Dan. 3:4–6, Acts 4:17–18) or not in the power of inferiors to perform; (Exod. 5:10–18, Matt. 23:2,4) counseling, (Matt. 14:8, Mark 6:24) encouraging, (2 Sam. 13:28) or favouring them in that which is evil; (1 Sam. 3:13) dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good; (John 7:46–49, Col. 3:21, Exod. 5:17) correcting them unduly; (1 Pet. 2:18–20, Heb. 12:10, Deut. 25:3) careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger; (Gen. 38:11,26, Acts 18:17) provoking them to wrath; (Eph. 6:4) or any way dishonouring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behaviour. (Gen. 9:21, 1 Kings 12:13–16, 1 Kings 1:6, 1 Sam. 2:29–31)
The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required, (Rom. 13:8) the undervaluing of the worth, (2 Tim. 3:3) envying the gifts, (Acts 7:9, Gal. 5:26) grieving at the advancement or prosperity one of another; (Numb. 12:2, Esth. 6:12–13) and usurping pre-eminence one over another. (3 John 9, Luke 22:24)
The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill. (Exod. 20:13)
The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, (Acts 16:28) or of others, (Gen. 9:6) except in case of public justice, (Numb. 35:31,33) lawful war, (Jer. 48:10, Deut. 20:1) or necessary defence; (Exod. 22:2–3) the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preservation of life; (Matt. 25:42–43, James 2:15–16, Eccl. 6:1–2) sinful anger, (Matt. 5:22) hatred, (1 John 3:15, Lev. 19:17) envy, (Prov. 14:30) desire of revenge; (Rom. 12:19) all excessive passions, (Eph. 4:31) distracting cares; (Matt. 6:31,34) immoderate use of meat, drink, (Luke 21:34, Rom. 13:13) labor, (Eccl. 12:12, Eccl. 2:22–23) and recreations; (Isa. 5:12) provoking words, (Prov. 15:1, Prov. 12:18) oppression, (Ezek. 18:18, Exod. 1:14) quarreling, (Gal. 5:15, Prov. 23:29) striking, wounding, (Numb. 35:16–18,21) and whatsoever else tends to the destruction of the life of any. (Exod. 21:18–36)
The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery. (Exod. 20:14)
The sins forbidden in the seventh commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, (Prov. 5:7) are, adultery, fornication, (Heb. 13:4, Gal. 5:19) rape, incest, (2 Sam. 13:14, 1 Cor. 5:1) sodomy, and all unnatural lusts; (Rom. 1:24,26–27, Lev. 20:15–16) all unclean imaginations, thoughts, purposes, and affections; (Matt. 5:28, Matt. 15:19, Col. 3:5) all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereunto; (Eph. 5:3–4, Prov. 7:5,21–22) wanton looks, (Isa. 3:16, 2 Pet. 2:14) impudent or light behaviour, immodest apparel; (Prov. 7:10,13) prohibiting of lawful, (1 Tim. 4:3) and dispensing with unlawful marriages; (Lev. 18:1–21, Mark 6:18, Mal. 2:11–12) allowing, tolerating, keeping of stews, and resorting to them; (1 Kings 15:12, 2 Kings 23:7, Deut. 23:17–18, Lev. 19:29, Jer. 5:7, Prov. 7:24–27) entangling vows of single life, (Matt. 19:10–11) undue delay of marriage, (1 Cor. 7:7–9, Gen. 38:26) having more wives or husbands than one at the same time; (Mal. 2:14–15, Matt. 19:5) unjust divorce, (Mal. 2:16, Matt. 5:32) or desertion; (1 Cor. 7:12–13) idleness, gluttony, drunkenness, (Ezek. 16:49, Prov. 23:30–33) unchaste company; (Gen. 39:19, Prov. 5:8) lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage plays; (Eph. 5:4, Ezek. 23:14–16, Isa. 23:15–17, Isa. 3:16, Mark 6:22, Rom. 13:13, 1 Pet. 4:3) and all other provocations to, or acts of uncleanness, either in ourselves or others. (2 Kings 9:30, Jer. 4:30, Ezek. 23:40)
The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal. (Exod. 20:15)
The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, (James 2:15–16, 1 John 3:17) are, theft, (Eph. 4:28) robbery, (Ps. 62:10) man-stealing, (1 Tim. 1:10) and receiving any thing that is stolen; (Prov. 29:24, Ps. 50:18) fraudulent dealing, (1 Thess. 4:6) false weights and measures, (Prov. 11:1, Prov. 20:10) removing landmarks, (Deut. 19:14, Prov. 23:10) injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man, (Amos 8:5, Ps. 37:21) or in matters of trust; (Luke 16:10–12) oppression, (Ezek. 22:29, Lev. 25:17) extortion, (Matt. 23:25, Ezek. 22:12) usury, (Ps. 15:5) bribery, (Job 15:34) vexatious law-suits, (1 Cor. 6:6–8, Prov. 3:29–30) unjust inclosures and depopulations; (Isa. 5:8, Micah 2:2) ingrossing commodities to enhance the price; (Prov. 11:26) unlawful callings, (Acts 19:19,24–25) and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbour what belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves; (Job 20:19, James 5:4, Prov. 21:6) covetousness; (Luke 12:15) inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods; (1 Tim. 6:5, Col. 3:2, Prov. 23:5, Ps. 62:10) distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them; (Matt. 6:25,31,34, Eccl. 5:12) envying at the prosperity of others; (Ps. 73:3, Ps. 37:1,7) as likewise idleness, (2 Thess. 3:11, Prov. 18:9) prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate, (Prov. 21:17, Prov. 23:20–21, Prov. 28:19) and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us. (Eccl. 4:8, Eccl. 6:2, 1 Tim. 5:8)
The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. (Exod. 20:16)
The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbours, as well as our own, (1 Sam. 17:28, 2 Sam. 16:3, 2 Sam. 1:9,10,15–16) especially in public judicature; (Lev. 19:15, Hab. 1:4) giving false evidence, (Prov. 19:5, Prov. 6:16,19) suborning false witnesses, (Acts 6:13) wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, out-facing and overbearing the truth; (Jer. 9:3,5, Acts 24:2,5, Ps. 12:3–4, Ps. 52:1–4) passing unjust sentence, (Prov. 17:15, 1 Kings 21:9–14,10–11,13) calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; (Isa. 5:23) forgery, (Ps. 119:69, Luke19:8, Luke 16:5–7) concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, (Lev. 5:1, Deut. 13:8, Acts 5:3,8–9, 2 Tim. 4:16) and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, (1 Kings1:6, Lev. 19:17) or complaint to others; (Isa. 59:4) speaking the truth unseasonably, (Prov. 29:11) or maliciously to a wrong end, (1 Sam. 22:9–10, Ps. 52:1–5) or perverting it to a wrong meaning, (Ps. 56:5, John 2:19, Matt. 26:60–61) or in doubtful or equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice; (Gen. 3:5, Gen. 26:7,9) speaking untruth, (Isa. 59:13) lying, (Lev. 19:11, Col. 3:9) slandering, (Ps. 50:20) backbiting, (James 4:11, Jer. 38:4) talebearing, (Lev. 19:16) whispering, (Rom. 1:29–30) scoffing, (Gen. 21:9, Gal. 4:29) reviling, (1 Cor. 6:10) rash, (Matt. 7:1) harsh, (Acts 28:4) and partial censuring; (Gen. 38:24, Rom. 2:1) misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; (Neh. 6:6–8, Rom. 3:8, Ps. 69:10, 1 Sam. 1:13–15, 2 Sam. 10:3) flattering, (Ps. 12:2–3) vain-glorious boasting; (2 Tim. 3:2) thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; (Luke 18:9,11, Rom. 12:16, 1 Cor. 4:6, Acts 12:22, Exod. 4:10–14) denying the gifts and graces of God; (Job 27:5,6, Job 4:6) aggravating smaller faults; (Matt. 7:3–5) hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; (Prov. 28:13, Prov. 30:20, Gen. 3:12–13, Jer. 2:35, 2 Kings 5:25, Gen. 4:9) unnecessary discovering of infirmities; (Gen. 9:22, Prov. 25:9–10) raising false rumors, (Exod. 23:1) receiving and countenancing evil reports, (Prov. 29:12) and stopping our ears against just defense; (Acts 7:56–57, Job 31:13–14) evil suspicion; (1 Cor. 13:5, 1 Tim. 6:4) envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, (Numb. 11:29, Matt. 21:15) endeavoring or desiring to impair it, (Ezra 4:12–13) rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; (Jer. 48:27) scornful contempt, (Ps. 35:15–16,21, Matt. 27:28–29) fond admiration; (Jude 16, Acts 12:22) breach of lawful promises; (Rom. 1:31, 2 Tim. 3:3) neglecting such things as are of good report, (1 Sam. 2:24) and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering what we can in others, such things as procure an ill name. (2 Sam. 13:12–13)
The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’ s house, thou shall not covet they neighbour’ s wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’ s. (Exodus 20:17; 2 Sam. 13:12–13, Prov. 5:8–9, Prov. 6:33)
The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate; (1 Kings 21:4, Esth. 5:13, 1 Cor. 10:10) envying (Gal. 5:26, James 3:14,16) and grieving at the good of our neighbour, (Ps. 112:9–10, Neh. 2:10) together with all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his. (Rom. 7:7–8, Rom. 13:9, Col. 3:5, Deut. 5:21)
The Westminster larger catechism: With scripture proofs.
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